Computer-aided design

Lore & Background

Computer-aided design systems began providing more capabilities than just reproducing manual drafting, starting with the IBM Drafting System in the mid-1960s. The software automated tasks such as automated generation of bills of materials, auto layout in integrated circuits, and interference checking. Eventually, CAD provided the designer with the ability to perform engineering calculations, merging the previously separate roles of draftsman, designer, and engineer.

Reader's Guide

CAD is one part of the whole digital product development activity within product lifecycle management processes, used together with tools such as computer-aided engineering, finite element analysis, computer-aided manufacturing, photorealistic rendering, and product data management. Its use in designing electronic systems is known as electronic design automation, and in mechanical design as mechanical design automation. CAD output is often in the form of electronic files for print, machining, or other manufacturing operations. Designs made through CAD software help protect products and inventions when used in patent applications. Because of its enormous economic importance, CAD has been a major driving force for research in computational geometry, computer graphics, and discrete differential geometry. Modern CAD packages range from 2D vector-based drafting systems to 3D solid and surface modelers, and can allow rotations in three dimensions for viewing from any angle.

Did You Know?

• CAD is used to produce computer animation for special effects in movies, advertising, and technical manuals.
• CAD software for mechanical design uses either vector-based graphics or raster graphics.
• CAD is used for accurate creation of photo simulations for environmental impact reports.
• Parametric modeling in CAD allows the operator to use 'design intent' for modifiable objects and features.